Abstract
Polymicrobial diseases, which can be life threatening, are caused by the presence and interactions of multiple microbes. Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are representative polymicrobial diseases that show similar clinical symptoms. To establish a means of differentiating between them, we compared microbial species and functional genes in situ by performing metatranscriptomic analyses of peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples obtained from the same subjects (n = 12 each). Although the two diseases differed in terms of 16S rRNA-based taxonomic profiles, they showed similarities with respect to functional genes and taxonomic and virulence factor mRNA profiles. The latter—defined as microbial virulence types—differed from those of healthy periodontal sites. We also showed that networks based on co-occurrence relationships of taxonomic mRNA abundance (co-occurrence networks) were dissimilar between the two diseases. Remarkably, these networks consisted mainly of taxa with a high relative mRNA-to-rRNA ratio, with some showing significant co-occurrence defined as interacting core taxa, highlighting differences between the two groups. Thus, peri-implantitis and periodontitis have shared as well as distinct microbiological characteristics. Our findings provide insight into microbial interactions in polymicrobial diseases with unknown etiologies.
Highlights
Years in function probing depth (PD) CAL Number of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP) Number of sites with SUP Radiographic bone loss (%)
There were no significant differences in the following clinical parameters for the two disease sites: years in function, probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, suppuration, and radiographic bone loss (Table 1, schematic illustrations in Supplementary Figs S1 and S2, and Supplementary Results)
Using the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD)[19], rc-rRNAs were assigned to 184 microbial taxa at the species level, with 150 and 164 taxa identified in peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples, respectively (Supplementary Table S2)
Summary
Years in function PD (mm) CAL (mm) Number of sites with BOP Number of sites with SUP Radiographic bone loss (%). Using the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD)[19], rc-rRNAs were assigned to 184 microbial taxa at the species level, with 150 and 164 taxa identified in peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples, respectively (Supplementary Table S2). A total of 2461 and 2379 functional genes were assigned to peri-implantitis and periodontitis samples, respectively (Supplementary Table S3).
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