Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are frequently abnormally expressed in several human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). RORs are involved in the development and progression of GC through Wnt signaling pathway receptors and other common receptors. However, the prognostic roles of individual RORs in patients with GC remain elusive. We accessed the prognostic roles of three RORs (RORα, RORβ, and RORγ) through “The Kaplan–Meier plotter” (KM plotter) database in patients with GC. For all patients with GC who were followed for 20 years, the low mRNA expression of all three RORs showed a significant correlation with better outcomes. We further accessed the prognostic value of individual RORs in different clinical pathological features including Lauren classification, clinical stages, pathological grades, HER2 status, and different treatments methods. The RORs demonstrated critical prognostic roles in GC. Expressions of RORs were higher in GC tissues when compared with normal gastric tissues. Moreover, knockdown of RORs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration, suggesting an oncogenic role of RORs in human GC. These findings suggest potential roles of RORs as biomarkers for GC prognosis and as oncogenes in GC.
Highlights
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are frequently abnormally expressed in several human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC)
Nuclear receptors are a class of ligand dependent receptors that belong to the transcription factor superfamily, which is similar to steroid hormone receptors
Nuclear receptors have three subfamilies consisting of steroid hormone receptors, nonsteroid hormone receptors, and orphan nuclear receptors [18]
Summary
Abstract: Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are frequently abnormally expressed in several human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). We accessed the prognostic roles of three RORs (RORα, RORβ, and RORγ) through “The Kaplan–Meier plotter” (KM plotter) database in patients with GC. Recent studies have shown that RORs is involved in the development and progression of tumors through the Wnt signaling pathway or as common receptors (Figure 1) [9,10,11]. A number of genes have been identified and validated by the KM plotter in these four cancer types [12,13,14,15,16,17] This database provided prognostic information and mRNA mapping of 876 patients with GC. We used the KM plotter database to determine the prognostic roles of mRNA expression of ROR members in patients with GC.
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