Abstract
Fiber optic Raman spectroscopy and Raman microscopy were used to investigate alterations in the aorta wall and the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the murine model of atherosclerosis (Apoe-/-/Ldlr-/- mice). Both abdominal and thoracic parts of the aorta were studied to account for the heterogenic chemical composition of aorta and its localization-dependent response in progression of atherosclerosis. The average Raman spectra obtained for both parts of aorta cross sections revealed that the chemical composition of intima-media layers along aorta remains relatively homogeneous while the lipid content in the adventitia layer markedly increases with decreasing distance to PVAT. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the increase of the lipid to protein ratio in the aorta wall correlates directly with the increased unsaturation level of lipids in PVAT and these changes occur only in the abdominal, but not in thoracic, aorta. In summary, distinct pathophysiological response in the aortic vascular wall could be uncovered by fiber optic Raman spectroscopy based on simple parameters detecting chemical contents of lipids in PVAT.
Highlights
Atherosclerosis is a main vascular pathology being an origin, among others, of coronary artery disease and stroke underlying primary causes of death worldwide [1]
Our results demonstrated that the lipid unsaturation degree was clearly distinct in various types of the adipose tissue (WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT), thoracic aorta (TA), AA, and the mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT)) and was influenced by the age of animals clearly indicating that aging has a considerable impact on the PVAT’s chemical composition [45]
It shows that the lipid content in the ADV markedly increases with the decrease of the distance to PVAT both for TA and AA, demonstrating possible infiltration of PVAT lipids to the adventitia layer
Summary
Atherosclerosis is a main vascular pathology being an origin, among others, of coronary artery disease and stroke underlying primary causes of death worldwide [1]. It shows that the lipid content in the ADV markedly increases with the decrease of the distance to PVAT both for TA and AA, demonstrating possible infiltration of PVAT lipids to the adventitia layer. IM and PVAT were investigated using the fiber optic Raman spectroscopy to analyze the impact of atherosclerosis on local changes in the aorta in the abdominal and thoracic parts. These interactions between the vessel wall and the surrounding PVAT [25,27] are reflected in considerable and consistent changes in the chemical composition of the intima/media layer and PVAT, which may be important in the context of future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies
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