Distinct brain network organizations between club players and novices under different difficulty levels.

Abstract

Chunk memory is one of the essential cognitive functions for high-expertise (HE) player to make efficient decisions. However, it remains unknown how the neural mechanisms of chunk memory processes mediate or alter chess players' performance when facing different opponents. This study aimed at inspecting the significant brain networks associated with chunk memory, which would vary between club players and novices. Functional networks and topological features of 20 club players (HE) and 20 novice players (LE) were compared at different levels of difficulty by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Behavioral performance indicated that the club player group was unaffected by differences in difficulty. Furthermore, the club player group demonstrated functional connectivity among the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the frontopolar cortex, the supramarginal gyrus, and the subcentral gyrus, as well as higher clustering coefficients and lower path lengths in the high-difficulty task. The club player group illustrated significant frontal-parietal functional connectivity patterns and topological characteristics, suggesting enhanced chunking processes for improved chess performance.