Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly associated with hypertension. However, the correlation between hypertension and OSA at different levels of severity and the influence of gender on that correlation are unclear. A total of 996 patients (776 males and 190 females) with OSA were recruited. The influence of gender on the correlation between hypertension and OSA at different stratifications of severity, based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), was fully evaluated together with the major health risk factors obesity, age, and diabetes. Females with OSA were significantly older on average than males with OSA. Moreover, females had milder degrees of OSA on average than the extent of severity seen in males. The proportion of females with diabetes or hypertension was higher than that of males. The proportion of males with hypertension and obesity increased significantly with OSA, and age also increased with OSA. The percentage of females with hypertension at different degrees of OSA severity was stable at about 26% in the mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. Among females, age was increased significantly in the moderate relative to the mild OSA group. Moreover, the proportion of obese subjects was increased significantly in the severe compared with the moderate OSA group. The proportions of males and females with diabetes were not significantly different among all OSA severity groups. An ordinal multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that hypertension, age, and obesity were associated with OSA severity in males, whereas only age and obesity were associated with OSA severity in females. Although the proportion of subjects with hypertension was higher in females with OSA than in males with OSA, the proportion of subjects with hypertension increased as the severity of OSA increased in males but not in females.
Highlights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory sleeprelated disease that involves the cessation or a significant decrease in airflow with breathing effort [1]
OSA is recognized as sleepdisordered breathing and as a syndrome involving multiple organs that increases the risks of heart failure [8,9], stroke [10], and cardiovascular-related mortality; it is causally related to hypertension [11,12,13]
Differences between the male and female patients Of 966 patients with OSA who met the inclusive criteria were included in the analysis, 776 were males and 190 were females
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory sleeprelated disease that involves the cessation or a significant decrease in airflow with breathing effort [1]. This type of sleep-disordered breathing is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep and is associated with recurrent oxyhemoglobin desaturation and arousal from sleep [2,3]. A 2006 study suggested that approximately 6% of adolescents have weekly sleep-disordered breathing, which is mainly OSA [6]. OSA is recognized as sleepdisordered breathing and as a syndrome involving multiple organs that increases the risks of heart failure [8,9], stroke [10], and cardiovascular-related mortality; it is causally related to hypertension [11,12,13]
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