Abstract
Cananga oil is one type of essential oil that called etheric oil or light oil. To increase the production of canangaoil, it is need to improve distillation methods and operating conditions, so that extraction process can producecananga oil more efficient. The aims of this research are to study several factors that influence the distillationmethods assisted by microwave, i.e.: flowers conditions, extraction time, mass of material, and microwave power.The experiment was conducted in a round bottom flask distiller that was placed inside a microwave oven andequipped with a Liebig condenser. The operating variables are: flowers conditions (fresh, wilted, chopped). Thecontent of distiller (100, 150, 200 gr). The results of this research shows that the yield of fresh flowers (0.6251 -1.1965%) were higher than wilted flowers (0.5391 - 1.0755%). The mass ratio of material by volume ofdistillation flask influences on yield obtained. The denser of material, the less of oil yield be obtained. The oilyield increase with time extraction, microwave power and temperature. The distillation assisted by microwave ismore efficient than conventional distillation, because we can increase the oil yield with shorter extraction time.The quality of cananga oil obtained by distillation assisted by microwave is conforming to quality standard ofIndonesian (SNI) and Essential Oil Association (EOA).
Highlights
Indonesia is rich in a wide variety of natural resources
Of the 80 types of essential oils traded in the world, Indonesia has only producing and exporting about 15 types of essential oils, such as patchouli oil, Java cananga oil, clove oil, cajuput oil, vetiver oil, nutmeg oil, ginger oil, pepper oil, lemongrass, sandalwood and agarwood oil (Dalimarta, 2000)
The condition of raw materials affects the amount of oil yield
Summary
There is a variety of plant that can produce important essential oils, which until now has not been fully exploited. Of the 80 types of essential oils traded in the world, Indonesia has only producing and exporting about 15 types of essential oils, such as patchouli oil, Java cananga oil, clove oil, cajuput oil, vetiver oil, nutmeg oil, ginger oil, pepper oil, lemongrass, sandalwood and agarwood oil (Dalimarta, 2000). Indonesia is the largest world supplier of patchouli oil and Java cananga oil. According to data from the Council of Essential Indonesia, the total value of exports of essential oils reaches 42 million kg in 2004. Despite the portion of cananga oil accounted for only 5% of the total exports of essential oils, but his request was never subsided until now (Anonymous, 2006)
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