Abstract
Abstract We investigated the impacts of an unpaved road on the distribution, reproduction, and stress physiology of Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha) in a high-elevation subalpine ecosystem. We found and monitored 152 sparrow nests over 3 years and captured 123 sparrows over 2 years for standardized stress series experiments. Distance of a nest to the road was associated with reproductive success, and low success near the road was primarily because of high rates of nest desertion. The probability of a nest succeeding rose with increasing distance from road up to 40 m, but nests beyond 40 m experienced lower nest success, possibly because of increased predation. Nests at intermediate distance were approximately twice as likely to succeed (70% survival rate) as those near (36% survival) or far (37% survival) from the road. Stress response of male sparrows subjected to a standardized field stress protocol was elevated within 20 m of the road (38.34 ± 5.76 ng/ml) compared to th...
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