Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfers (FRET) between cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) on nanoporous gold (NPG) are systematically investigated by controlling the distance between NPG and fluorescent proteins with polyelectrolyte multilayers. The FRET between CFP and YFP is significantly enhanced by NPG, and the maximum enhancement is related to both ligament size of NPG and the distance between NPG and proteins. With the optimized distance, 18-fold FRET enhancement was obtained on NPG compared to that on glass, and the conversion efficiency is about 90%. The potential to tune the characteristic energy transfer distance has implications for applications in nanophotonic devices and provides a possible way to design sensors and light energy converters.
Highlights
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-radiative energy transfer process based on dipole interaction [1,2,3], and it has attracted a great attention due to its application in detecting low concentrated analytes in chemical and biological systems [4,5,6,7,8]
The FRET between different fluorophores can be modulated by adjacent plasmonic nanocrystals [18,19,20,21,22,23], and the efficiency of FRET and acceptor fluorescence intensity from FRET varies with the size, shape, and location of the metal nanostructure [24,25,26,27]
The laser power at the sample surface the absorption ranges of cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), which is benefit for plasmon resonance enhancement
Summary
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a non-radiative energy transfer process based on dipole interaction [1,2,3], and it has attracted a great attention due to its application in detecting low concentrated analytes in chemical and biological systems [4,5,6,7,8]. The limitation of the signal amplification of acceptor from donor and relatively low energy conversion efficiency affect the application of FRET in ultra-sensitive detection [9]. Plasmonic enhancement which resulting from longer range non-radiative energy transfer via nanometal surface energy transfer or localized surface plasmon-coupled FRET effect is a promised method to further improve the fluorescence intensity of the acceptor, extending the application of FRET [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17].
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