Dissolved oxygen concentration affects δ15N values in oyster tissues: implications for stable isotope ecology

Abstract

AbstractTo investigate the potential effects of physiological stress on stable isotope (SI) ratios in oysters, we transplanted hatchery‐reared oysters to reefs that experienced different concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA, a freshwater dominated estuary that experiences periodic hypoxia. We monitored physical, biological, and chemical parameters of the environment and biological responses in oysters, including growth, survival, and carbon and nitrogen SI ratios in tissues. Oysters at the low DO site (3.66 ± 0.05 mg/L) had ~1 ‰ higher δ15N values in tissue than oysters at the higher DO site (6.00 ± 0.06 mg/L). Oysters grown at the low DO site also had lower survival (25%) and no growth compared to oysters at the higher DO site, which had 96% survival and growth rates up to 38 mm/d. Multivariate and regression statistics related DO concentration to changes in δ15N values in three different oyster tissues (adductor muscle, gut gland, and gill), regardless of similarity in suspended particulate matter and chlorophyll a concentrations (food quantity), C:N (food quality), and SI composition in available foods between sites. The increased δ15N values in oyster tissues under low DO conditions during this study were consistent with known starvation responses in which oysters stop feeding and catabolize tissues. These data indicate that environmental conditions related to physiological stress can affect SI ratios in oysters in a similar manner to changes in diet composition. Small changes in SI ratios, therefore, may be physiologically significant indicators of environmental stress. When analyzing SI ratios for food web dynamics and source tracing, potential for confounding effects of environmental stressors should be considered.