Dissipative Kerr solitons in semiconductor ring lasers

Abstract

Dissipative Kerr solitons are self-organized optical waves arising from the interplay between Kerr effect and dispersion. They can form spontaneously in nonlinear microresonators pumped with an external continuous-wave laser, which provides the parametric gain for the proliferation of an ultrastable frequency comb. These miniaturized and battery driven microcombs have become a disruptive technology for precision metrology, broadband telecommunication and ultrafast optical ranging. In this work, we report on the first experimental observation of dissipative Kerr solitons generated in a ring cavity with a fast semiconductor gain medium. The moderate quality factor of the ring cavity is compensated by the giant resonant Kerr nonlinearity of a quantum cascade laser, which is more than a million times larger than in Si3N4. By engineering the dispersion of the cavity, we observe the formation of bright dissipative Kerr solitons in the mid-infrared range. Soliton formation appears after an abrupt symmetry breaking between the two lasing directions of the ring cavity. The pump field of the soliton is generated by direct electrical driving and closely resembles the soliton Cherenkov radiation observed in passive microcombs. Two independent techniques shed light on the waveform and coherence of the solitons and confirm a pulse width of approximately 3 ps. Our results extend the spectral range of soliton microcombs to mid-infrared wavelengths and will lead to integrated, battery driven and turnkey spectrometers in the molecular fingerprint region.