Abstract
The present study was carried out to develop and validate an analytical method for the detection and quantification of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, in tomato using gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The study has meant to ascertain lambda-cyhalothrin dissipation behavior under dry land conditions. The analytical method was validated using blank tomato spiked at 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, with satisfactory recoveries ranging between 92.3 to 95.1 % and relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 13.4 %. Good linearity was achieved, with a determination coefficient (R 2) of 0.999 for the 0.005–2.0 mg/L concentration range. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. Dissipation pattern of lambda-cyhalothrin applied on open field grown tomato was also assessed using the same method. Lambda-cyhalothrin residues declined very quickly following first-order rate kinetics with half-life of 3.12 days. At harvest time, 14 days after final application, the remaining residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were below CODEX maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.05 mg/kg. Exposure of lambda-cyhalothrin has been assessed and compared to acceptable daily intake (ADI). The assessment of consumers’ exposure was based on the international estimated daily intake (IEDI) compared to acceptable daily intake (ADI). The long-term risk assessment was performed by calculating the hazard quotient (HQ). Since the HQChronic of lambda-cyhalothrin never exceeded 1.2 %, the tomato fruits could be considered safe for human consumption 14 days after application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the recommended dose.
Highlights
The present study was carried out to develop and validate an analytical method for the detection and quantification of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, in tomato using gas chromatographyelectron capture detector (GC-ECD)
Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are useful parameters that promote food safety by restricting the concentration of a pesticide residue permitted on a commodity (Chen et al, 2011; Claeys et al, 2011; Malhat & Hassan, 2011)
Optimization of sample preparation Extraction efficiency and stability of lambda-cyhalothrin was optimized through two different organic solvent: acetonitrile and ethyl acetate
Summary
The present study was carried out to develop and validate an analytical method for the detection and quantification of lambda-cyhalothrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, in tomato using gas chromatographyelectron capture detector (GC-ECD). The study has meant to ascertain lambda-cyhalothrin dissipation behavior under dry land conditions. Pesticides are biologically active compounds used worldwide for the protection of food, fiber, and human health (Malhat et al, 2015). Pesticides – contaminated food is associated with severe effects on the human health. It is rather important to work out strategies to enhance safe application of pesticides use. Maximum residue levels (MRLs) are useful parameters that promote food safety by restricting the concentration of a pesticide residue permitted on a commodity (Chen et al, 2011; Claeys et al, 2011; Malhat & Hassan, 2011).
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