Dissipation kinetics of some pesticides applied singly or in mixtures in/on grape leaf.

Abstract

Grape and leaf quality are often severely reduced by fungi such as grey rot Botrytis cinerea Pers., powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein, and downy mildew Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Berl. & De Toni and by insects such as Otiorhynchus spp., European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana Den.-Schiff., vine mealybug Planococcus citri Risso, and grape erineum mite Colomerus vitis Pgst. Various pesticides are often applied to mitigate these pest problems. These chemicals used singly as well as in the form of a mixture can leave residues on or in the crop. It is therefore of great importance to study the dissipation of the pesticides applied alone and in mixtures to this crop to protect consumers. The dissipation kinetics of cypermethrin, boscalid, deltamethrin, kresoxim-methyl, lambda-cyhalothrin, metalaxyl-M, metrafenone, and triadimenol residues were studied in vine leaves grown under sunny conditions in Turkey. The dissipation rate for singly applied pesticides followed first-order kinetics, with half-lifes in grape leaves in the range of 1.85-7.22 days. Changes in the degradation process of pesticide residues were determined after application, as both single applications and mixtures. The degradation of boscalid, cymoxanil, deltamethrin and metalaxyl-M accelerated while the degradation of cypermethrin, kresoxim-methyl, and lambda-cyhalothrin slowed down in mixtures of pesticides. The use of pesticides in mixtures leads to slower degradation and higher residues for some active ingredients and faster degradation and fewer residues for other active ingredients. Therefore, pesticide mixtures should not be applied in the field without having detailed information about their ingredients. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.