Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl is a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum fungicide used for the control of rice fungal diseases; however, its residues after application potentially threaten human health. Investigations on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl residue in rice field systems and dietary risk assessment of kresoxim-methyl in humans are limited. The present study employed the QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS method for residue analysis of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants, brown rice, and rice husks. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by PSA, C18 column, and GCB. The average recovery of the spiked target compounds in the three matrices was between 80.5% and 99.3%, and the RSD was between 2.1% and 7.1%. The accuracy and precision of the method is in accordance with the requirements of residue analysis methods. Dissipation dynamic testing of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants indicated a half-life within the range of 1.8–6.0 days, and a rapid dissipation rate was detected. Dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of kresoxim-methyl in various Chinese subpopulations was 0.022–0.054 μg/(kg bw·days), and the risk quotient (RQ) was 0.0000055–0.00014%. These findings indicate that the risk for chronic dietary intake of kresoxim-methyl in brown rice is relatively low. The present study provides information and theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of kresoxim-methyl in rice fields and evaluating its dietary risk in brown rice.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa) belongs to the herbaceous rice genus and is the most important rice food crop
The purification effects of PSA, C18, PSA + C18, and PSA + C18 + GCB on the complex substrates were studied here when 0.1 mg/kg of kresoxim-methyl was added into the substrates
The QuEChERS method combined with GC-MS/MS technology was used to determine the residual amount of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants, brown rice, and rice husks in this study
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa) belongs to the herbaceous rice genus and is the most important rice food crop. Rice is one of the three major food crops in China, and its planting area accounts for 27% of the country’s total grain planting area [1]. The occurrence of plant diseases (e.g., sheath blight and rice blast) has led to a sharp decline in the yield and quality of rice, thereby posing a major threat to food security and safety. Kresoxim-methyl is a methoxy acrylate fungicide developed by BASF (Stuttgart, Germany) and has been shown to have highly efficient and broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The EC50 values for kresoxim-methyl in inhibiting mycelial growth of the M. oryzae isolates was 0.024–0.287 μg mL−1 [3]
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