Abstract
This study investigates intruder dynamics within granular systems, focusing on energy dissipation and phase transitions influenced by beam vibrations. Using a granular-beam experimental setup and discrete element method (DEM) simulations, we explore the dynamic responses of a simply supported beam in a granular medium under various excitation conditions. Our results reveal distinct granular phase states and their evolution pathways, driven by changes in excitation amplitude and frequency, which significantly affect energy dissipation. Key findings include the identification of vortical and disordered fluidization states that correlate with extremes in energy dissipation, underscoring the importance of characteristic lengths and times in characterizing these transitions. Additionally, amplitude-frequency characteristics and mean squared displacement (MSD) analyses link microscale particle behavior with macroscale beam dynamics, providing insights into the mechanisms of energy dissipation and dynamic heterogeneity. This research enhances our understanding of granular system mechanics, offering implications for the design and optimization of engineering applications across various fields.
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