Abstract
The various ways of evaluating dissipative effects in macroscopic quantum tunneling are re-examined. The results obtained by using functional integration, while confirming those of previously given treatments, enable a comparison with available experimental results relative to Josephson junctions. A criterion based on the shortening of the semiclassical traversal time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of the barrier with regard to dissipation can be established, according to which $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\tau}/\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}N/Q$, where $Q$ is the quality factor of the junction and $N$ is a numerical constant of order unity. The best agreement with the experiments is obtained for $N=1.11$, as it results from a semiempirical analysis based on an increase in the potential barrier caused by dissipative effects.
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