Abstract
Dichlorprop-P and bentazone have been widely used in the prevention and control of weeds in wheat field ecosystems. There is a concern that pesticide residues and metabolites remain on or in the wheat. Thus, the study of the determination and monitoring of their residues in wheat has important significance. A rapid, simple and reliable QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method was modified, developed and validated for the determination of dichlorprop-P, bentazone and its metabolites (6-hydroxy-bentazone and 8-hydroxy-bentazone) in wheat (wheat plants, wheat straw and grains of wheat) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of this method ranged from 72.9% to 108.7%, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 2.5–12 μg/kg. The dissipation and final residue of four compounds in three provinces (Shandong, Jiangsu and Heilongjiang) in China were studied. The trial results showed that the half-lives of dichlorprop-P and bentazone were 1.9–2.5 days and 0.5–2.4 days in wheat plants, respectively. The terminal residues in grains of wheat and wheat straw at harvest were all much below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.2 mg/kg for dichlorprop-P and 0.1 mg/kg for bentazone established by the European Union (EU, Regulation No. 396/2005).
Highlights
Wheat, the leading source of vegetable protein in human food, is one of the most important food crops in the world, but the impact of field weeds, plant diseases and pests on wheat production is a big issue
6-hydroxy-bentazone and 8-hydroxy-bentazone are included in the definition of bentazone residues for compliance with the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), which was reported by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) [4], the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) [5] and the European
The results showed that there was no significant difference for the recovery of dichlorprop-P, while low recoveries (
Summary
The leading source of vegetable protein in human food, is one of the most important food crops in the world, but the impact of field weeds, plant diseases and pests on wheat production is a big issue. To control these negative factors, pesticides play an important role, being introduced on a regular basis [1]. Bentazone and dichlorprop-P have been applied to protect wheat from weeds. Bentazone is applied on wheat to prevent buglossoides arvense and galium aparine [2]. 6-hydroxy-bentazone and 8-hydroxy-bentazone are included in the definition of bentazone residues for compliance with the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), which was reported by the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) [4], the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) [5] and the European
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