Abstract
Pesticides which are diluted and sprayed according to the pre-harvest interval (PHI) are generally decomposed and lost through various factors and pathways, and the leftover pesticides are known as residual pesticides. This study aims to determine the dissipation of residual amounts of dinotefuran, fluazinam, indoxacarb, and thiacloprid in persimmon and the changes in the concentration of various processing products. Pesticide spraying is performed in accordance with the GAP (good agricultue practice) of Korea, and the processed products are manufactured using a conventional method after removing the skin of persimmons. The modified QuEchERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method and an optimized method using LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) is implemented to analyze the residual pesticides. The linearity, recovery, and LOQ (limit of quantitation) are presented to verify the analysis method. The amount of residual pesticides tested decreases significantly in a time-dependent manner, regardless of the minimal dilution effect present due to growth. The residual concentration does not vary significantly during the processing stage despite the removal of the systemic pesticides, dinotefuran and thiacloprid. The residues of non-systemic pesticides, fluazinam and indoxacarb, are typically removed by the peeling removal and processing methods. The reduction factor of dinotefuran, whose residual concentration is increased, is less than 1, and the absolute amount of pesticides is decreased through processing. The results of this study can be used as the scientific basis data to ensure the safety of residual pesticides in processed products in the future.
Highlights
Pesticides are essential agricultural materials that can protect crops from various pests and weeds; this ensures that high-quality agricultural products can be provided to consumers, ensuring stable income for the farmers [1]
UatFSwiteas1doentedcateyd1a4tatnhedLaOt SQitlee2veflrofrmomdathye7s.eMveNnGthwdays noof thdeefitencatel dpeasttiSciitdee3sipnrathyins gstautdayll. tUhFe wsitaess.dTeatebclete4dpartetsheentLsOthQe lteovtael rferosimdutahleasmevoeunntthodf adyinooftethfuerfain,awl pheicsthicciadne bseprsauyminmgeadt balyl ctohnevseirtetisn.gTtahbelere4sidpureasleanmtsouthnet otof tmaletraebsoidliuteasl ianmtooaunptaroefntdcinoomtepfouurnand,. which can be summed by converting the residual amount of metabolites into a parent compound
The amount of pesticide is reduced based on the characteristics of the pesticides, and it is metabolized into other substances due to factors such as hydrolysis
Summary
Pesticides are essential agricultural materials that can protect crops from various pests and weeds; this ensures that high-quality agricultural products can be provided to consumers, ensuring stable income for the farmers [1]. Pesticides are toxic organic compounds, whose toxicity varies based on the amount [2]; their usage continues to increase according to recent reports [3]. Exposure to pesticides can result in various harmful side effects in humans [4]. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) and maximum residue limit (MRL) are set for pesticides according to the situation of each country to manage the pesticide usage and to reduce the risks involved, improving the safety [5]. EU-harmonized MRLs are set for more than 1300 pesticides covering 378 food products/food groups. A default MRL of 0.01 mg kg−1 is applicable to nearly 690 of these pesticides, which are not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation [6]
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