Abstract
Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection is a rare complication, and more common in AIDS patients. We reported a 38-year-old woman with underlying autoimmune-related hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and antiphospholipid syndrome. She had had intermittent high fever followed by altered mental status for 2 weeks. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study showed pleocytosis (several atypical lymphocytes). Follow-up chest X-ray showed miliary lesions. Anti-tuberculosis medication was prescribed, but the dyspnea deteriorated. Acid-fast bacilli smear from a bronchial washing specimen was positive. CSF culture grew Mycobacterium kansasii. She passed away due to multiple organ failure, despite treatment. The presentation of miliary lung lesions is rare in Mycobacterium kansasii infection. This is the second reported case of miliary lung lesions in non-HIV-infected populations with disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection. Earlier diagnosis and adequate treatment is important to improve the prognosis.
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