Abstract
Immunodeficient children are at a high risk of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG] infection. We assessed the literature on clinical manifestations of BCGosis in children with specific primary immunodeficiencies. We conducted a systematic review of clinical practice articles by searching Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from their inception to date. Thirty-seven articles were included regarding BCG vaccination and its dissemination in children with primary immunodeficiencies. Articles on dissemination after intravesicular BCG were excluded from the study. Since disseminated BCG vaccination may be the first manifestation of a primary immunodeficiency disease, a comprehensive search for immunological defects in children developing these problems after BCG vaccination seems rational.
Highlights
Immunodeficient children are at a high risk of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)] infection
The aim of this study is to evaluate the most frequent clinical manifestations of disseminated BCG infections in vaccinated children with unidentified primary immunodeficiencies at the time of neonatal immunization
We conducted a systematic review of scientific medical literature (Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar), i.e. articles published in English on the clinical manifestations of disseminated BCG infection, with no time limitation — from the inception of the databases to date
Summary
Immunodeficient children are at a high risk of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG] infection. Results: Thirty-seven articles were included regarding BCG vaccination and its dissemination in children with primary immunodeficiencies. Considering that tuberculosis affects about one-third of the world’s population and is the leading infectious cause of death in the world, immunization with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is recommended to protect children against tuberculosis [1]. BCG immunization with a live attenuated bacterial vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis was first used in 1921 [2, 3] as the primary prophylaxis against tuberculosis. It is the most widely administered vaccine in the world [4]. Disseminated BCG infection, a lethal event in 50 to 71% of cases, is somewhat rarer with an estimated incidence
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