Dissection of the genetic basis of genotype-by-environment interactions for grain yield and main agronomic traits in Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars

Hadi Alipour,Hossein Abdi,Yousef Rahimi,Mohammad Reza Bihamta

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96576-1

Hadi Alipour, Hossein Abdi + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96576-1

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Abstract

Understanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions. In the present study, 268 Iranian bread wheat landraces and cultivars were evaluated in four well-watered and two rain-fed conditions for different traits. According to breeding programs, cultivars were in a group with a high mean and stability in terms of GY, GN, and SW traits, while in terms of PH, they had a low mean and high stability. The stability of cultivars and landraces was related to dynamic and static stability, respectively. The highest number of marker pairs and lowest LD decay distance in both cultivars and landraces was observed on the B genome. Population structure differentiated indigenous cultivars and landraces, and the GWAS results for each were almost different despite the commonalities. Chromosomes 1B, 3B, 7B, 2A, and 4A had markers with pleiotropic effects on the stability of different traits. Due to two rain-fed environments, the Gene Ontology (GO) confirmed the accuracy of the results. The identified markers in this study can be helpful in breeding high-performance and stable genotypes and future breeding programs such as fine mapping and cloning.

Highlights

Understanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions
The effects of genotype, environment, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) were significant at different probability levels for the four traits in the total population and subpopulations (Table 1)
GWAS was performed for some important agronomic traits and different static and dynamic stability indices based on those traits were calculated in a diverse panel of 268 Iranian wheat cultivars and landraces

Summary

Introduction

Understanding the genetic basis of performance stability is essential to maintain productivity, especially under severe conditions. Increasing grain yield and yield stability have been prioritized by breeding programs to maintain wheat productivity. Such a goal is challenged by the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) because a polygenic attribute like grain yield is controlled by numerous major and minor effect genes that interact with each other and the e nvironment[1,2]. Indirect improvement of yield stability might not be possible through agronomic t raits[8] This is due to the complex nature of performance stability controlled by genetic factors[9] and can be interpreted using genotypic and environmental covariables[10,11]. In one of the latest statistics, while emphasizing different traits in MET analysis, the multi-trait stability index was introduced[24]

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