Dissection of early bottom-up and top-down deficits during visual attention in schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective To characterize the interplay of bottom-up and top-down processing deficits of the early visual ERP component N1 in schizophrenia. Methods Thirty-three schizophrenic patients and 61 healthy controls underwent a visual selective attention paradigm while 32-channel electroencephalogram was recorded. Visual N1 responses were calculated and source localization was applied. Results Significant reductions of the cue N1 as well as the target N1 components were found in schizophrenia patients. Linear regression slopes for the cue N1 and for the cue-locked target N1 indicated significantly reduced early bottom-up and top-down modulation in patients relative to controls. Source analyses indicated that bottom-up as well as top-down N1 deficits in schizophrenia are associated with partially overlapping current density deficits in posterior cortex areas. Differential functional deficits were observed in right parietal lobe during bottom-up processing and in anterior cingulate cortex during top-down attention. Conclusions The results provide evidence for both early visual bottom-up and top-down deficits in schizophrenia and illustrate how disturbances in these processing streams converge on the visual N1 amplitude. Significance Visual top-down disturbances in schizophrenia appear to be confounded by visual bottom-up deficits.