Abstract
Editorial summaryRecent advances in genome sequencing of single microbial cells enable the assignment of functional roles to members of the human microbiome that cannot currently be cultured. This approach can reveal the genomic basis of phenotypic variation between closely related strains and can be applied to the targeted study of immunogenic bacteria in disease.
Highlights
Recent advances in genome sequencing of single microbial cells enable the assignment of functional roles to members of the human microbiome that cannot currently be cultured
The human microbiome at the cellular level The human body is inhabited by a complex collection of microorganisms constituting the human microbiome, which is increasingly recognized as having important roles in human health and disease
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is cataloging the healthy human microbiome at multiple body sites by using a subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (16S) ribosomal and metagenomic sequencing, providing a reference for future sequencing efforts and prioritizing microbes for study based on their potential importance to human health
Summary
Recent advances in genome sequencing of single microbial cells enable the assignment of functional roles to members of the human microbiome that cannot currently be cultured. Conventional genome-assembly algorithms often have problems with single-cell data because they assume that chimeras are rare and genome coverage is Poisson distributed. In addition to MDA-based amplification of single genomes, alternative methods have emerged to increase sequencing depth and genome assembly from microbiome samples.
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