Abstract

Purpose: A healthy synovial joint consists of cruciate ligament (CL), meniscus (MC), superficial zone (SZ) and articular cartilage(AC). They play roles in stability or lubrication to maintain the integrity of joints for daily movements. Damages to any of these structures can lead to destabilization and may cause erosion of the articular cartilage, which is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Pain conditions caused by OA affect millions of people worldwide, ranging from young sportsmen to aged people.

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