Abstract
This paper aims to explore the most important disruptive technologies in the development of the smart city. Every smart city is a dynamic and complex system that attracts an increasing number of people in search of the benefits of urbanisation. According to the United Nations, 68% of the world population will be living in cities by 2050. This creates challenges related to limited resources and infrastructure (energy, water, transportation system, etc.). To solve these problems, new and emerging technologies are created. Internet of Things, big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and machine and cognitive learning are just a few examples. They generate changes in key sectors such as health, energy, transportation, education, public safety, etc. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we identified the main disruptive technologies in smart cities. Applications that integrate these technologies help cities to be smarter and offer better living conditions and easier access to products and services for residents. Disruptive technologies are generally considered key drivers in smart city progress. This paper presents these disruptive technologies, their applications in smart cities, the most important challenges and critics.
Highlights
The continuous growth of the population in urban areas has led to new challenges
Based on the fact that Ullah et al.’s. [8] classification corroborated with the results obtained from the analysis of the selected articles, we considered the following four disruptive technologies with major implications for the development of smart cities: Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain
This study offers a novel contribution to the literature by mapping out the landscape of disruptive technologies and smart cities
Summary
The continuous growth of the population in urban areas has led to new challenges. The availability of resources (physical infrastructure), the quality of knowledge communication, and human and social capital (social infrastructure) are considered some of the most important [1]. Lim et al [5] identify four groups of technological factors in smart cities, namely, the “4Cs”: Connection between things and people, Collection of data for context awareness, Computation in the cloud, and Communication by wireless means These factors require a variety of technologies characterised by an accelerated and continuous dynamic. Ullah et al [8] identify Big disruptive technologies clustered in three domains: data mining—big data and artificial intelligence (AI); networking—cloud, software as a service, IoT and drones; and data collection technologies—3D scanning, weareble tech, virtual and augmented realities Investment in these technologies has the potential to accelerate the evolution of the smart city [9].
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