Disruption of Splenic Circulation Using Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasound and Prothrombin: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

The spleen is a solid organ in which splenomegaly frequently develops and to which abdominal blunt trauma occurs. In this study, we demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS) combined with prothrombin to disrupt splenic circulation. A high-pressure-amplitude therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) device was used to treat 36 surgically exposed spleens in healthy New Zealand rabbits. Eighteen spleens were treated with either MEUS (n = 9) or MEUS combined with prothrombin (n = 9). The other 18 spleens were treated with TUS only or sham ultrasound exposure and served as the controls. The TUS was operated at a frequency of 831 kHz and a peak negative pressure of 4.8 MPa. Prothrombin was administered intravenously at 20 IU/kg. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and acoustic quantification were performed to assess splenic blood perfusion. We found significant blood perfusion slowdown and drop-off in the MEUS-treated spleens. The peak intensity dropped from 20.2 ± 2.70 dB to 11.6 ± 4.58 dB immediately after treatment. The spleens treated with the combination of MEUS and prothrombin showed consistently poor perfusion within 1 h. In histologic examination of the MEUS-treated spleens, we found significant dilatation of splenic sinuses, hemorrhage, interstitial edema and thrombosis. This study demonstrated that the vascular effects induced by microbubble-enhanced, high-pressure ultrasound can slow down or block blood perfusion in the rabbit spleen. Prothrombin helps to enhance and extend the effects for up to 1 h.