Abstract
Disposable immunosensors are analytical devices used for the quantification of a broad variety of analytes in different areas such as clinical, environmental, agricultural and food quality management. They detect the analytes by means of the strong interactions between antibodies and antigens, which provide concentration-dependent signals. For the herein highlighted voltammetric immunosensors, the analytical measurements are due to changes in the electrical signals on the surface of the transducers. The possibility of using disposable and miniaturized immunoassays is a very interesting alternative for voltammetric analyses, mainly, when associated with screen-printing technologies (screen-printed electrodes, SPEs), and microfluidic platforms. The aim of this paper is to discuss a carefully selected literature about different examples of SPEs-based immunosensors associated with microfluidic technologies for diseases, food, agricultural and environmental analysis. Technological aspects of the development of the voltammetric immunoassays such as the signal amplification, construction of paper-based microfluidic platforms and the utilization of microfluidic devices for point-of-care testing will be presented as well.
Highlights
The chemical analysis of samples for clinical, environmental, food quality control, or disease-biomarkers detection is not exclusively performed in laboratories
The authors demonstrated the possibility of the simultaneous detection of glucose and protein in urine
Voltammetric immunosensors in association with microfluidic platforms are attracting great interest due to their great potential for analytical applications. Aspects such as their elevated sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, rapid response, good reproducibility, simple and fast assembling, possibility of miniaturization, low consumption of chemicals and samples, and portability are some of their advantages
Summary
The chemical analysis of samples for clinical, environmental, food quality control, or disease-biomarkers detection is not exclusively performed in laboratories. The screen-printing of electrodes (SPEs) has been widely used for the construction of low-cost disposable electrochemical sensors with good reproducibility, stability and versatility of design, all of that liable to the mass production. In this sense, SPEs have emerged as an interesting alternative to assemble electrochemical immunosensors. The performance of the most popular electrochemical immunosensors, mainly concerning the voltammetric-type, can be further improved by the use of microfluidic platforms They effectively consume much lower volumes of sample and chemicals during shorter analytical running-times. Examples of applications are provided for biomedical, agricultural and food analysis
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