Abstract
In the present study, screen-printed electrodes unmodified and chemically modified with gold nanoparticles were used as sensitive electrochemical sensors for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride. The sensors were based on the use of a tetraphenylborate ion association complex as an electroactive material in screen-printed electrodes with dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a solvent mediator modified with gold nanoparticles which improve the electrode conductivity and enhance the surface area. The sensors displayed a stable response for 5, 6 and 7 months with a reproducible potential and linear response over the concentration range 1 × 10−5–1 × 10−2 mol L−1 at 25 ± 1 °C with Nernstian slopes of 57.50 ± 0.66, 58.30 ± 0.45 and 59.05 ± 0.58 mV per decade and detection limits of 7.9 × 10−6, 7.6 × 10−6 and 6.8 × 10−6 mol L−1 for sensor 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The analytical performance of the screen printed electrodes in terms of selectivity coefficients for trazodone hydrochloride relative to the number of potentially interfering substances was investigated. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure and dosage forms and there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives.
Highlights
Trazodone hydrochloride (TZ) (2-{3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl}-2H,3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-one) is a well-known chemical compound that is used as an antidepressant and belongs to a class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SARI).[1]
A literature survey revealed that several techniques have been developed for the quantitative determination of trazodone hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations, including spectrophotometric methods,[4,5,6,7,8,9] potentiometric methods,[10,11] voltammetry,[12,13,14,15] and different chromatographic methods including HPLC,[3,16,17,18,19,20,21] capillary gas chromatography,[22] high-performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry,[23,24] and high performance thin layer chromatography.[25]
The performance characteristics of a given ion selective electrode (ISE) based on an ion-pair depend to a large extent on its nature and composition, the properties of the plasticizer and especially any additives used, for example in sensor 2 we added carboxylated carbon nanotubes in which the carbon surfaces were oxidized by HNO3 and H2SO4 to increase the speci c surface area and pore speci c volume of the CNTs and their particle size decreased due to the fracture effect and the adsorption capacity onto the surface of the CNTs increased
Summary
Trazodone hydrochloride (TZ) (2-{3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl}-2H,3H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3-one) is a well-known chemical compound that is used as an antidepressant and belongs to a class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SARI).[1]. Spectro uorimetric methods have been reported.[26,27]
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