Display of Rich Reactivities of Endo- and Exocyclic Unsaturated Sugars that Parallel the Native Sugars.

Abstract

Unsaturated monosaccharides expand the scope of reactivities in a sugar, directly leading to the development of newer methodologies, molecular structures and functional entities. The unsaturation as a reactive moiety can either be within the molecule, namely, endocyclic, or as a pendant moiety around the molecule, namely, exocyclic. One carbon homologations aided by reactions at the unsaturated moiety expand the molecular structures in both endo- and exocyclic sugars and lead to structures that are largely hitherto unknown. Molecular shifts and rearrangements permit interchanging the reactivities from one carbon to the other in unsaturated sugars. Activations of exocyclic unsaturated sugars also find newer possibilities to reactions central to the sugar chemistry, namely, the glycosylations. The personal reflections result from a couple of decades of explorations that traverse through the unsaturated sugars from different vantage points.