Displacing history, shifting paradigms: erasing Aboriginal antiquity from Australian anthropology

Abstract

This article traces the formalisation of anthropology in Australia from 1880 to 1920, during which time the ‘discipline’ shifted from a framework of developmental evolution to one of structural functionalism. It argues that this paradigm shift necessitated an elimination of anthropology’s once-foundational logic of Aboriginal antiquity: severed, first, from a paired notion of human primitivity, then removed altogether. While historians acknowledge functionalist anthropology’s rationale of ‘time-less’ Aboriginality, this article unpacks how it was uniquely created, tracing antiquity’s erasure across the texts central to anthropology’s formalisation in Australia. Doing so reveals that the elimination of Aboriginal antiquity was not just part of anthropology’s development in Australia but a crucial functioning aspect of it.