Abstract
Abstract This work discusses the fundamentals of designing deep excavation support by means of observational method. The effective tools for optimum designing with the use of the observational method are both inclinometric and geodetic monitoring, which provide data for the systematically updated calibration of the numerical computational model. The analysis included methods for selecting data for the design (by choosing the basic random variables), as well as methods for an on-going verification of the results of numeric calculations (e.g., MES) by way of measuring the structure displacement using geodetic and inclinometric techniques. The presented example shows the sensitivity analysis of the calculation model for a cantilever wall in non-cohesive soil; that analysis makes it possible to select the data to be later subject to calibration. The paper presents the results of measurements of a sheet pile wall displacement, carried out by means of inclinometric method and, simultaneously, two geodetic methods, successively with the deepening of the excavation. This work includes also critical comments regarding the usefulness of the obtained data, as well as practical aspects of taking measurement in the conditions of on-going construction works.
Highlights
A wide range of problems associated with geotechnical designing in conditions of a significant variability of data entered into calculations may be solved with the use of methods developed by Peck [8]
Observational methods are widespread in the design and execution of deep excavations in many countries [1], [8]
Observational methods will be gaining practical significance, because contemporary trends in standardization indicate that the conditions of use should be verified as thoroughly as demanded by the obligatory ultimate capacity check
Summary
A wide range of problems associated with geotechnical designing in conditions of a significant variability of data entered into calculations may be solved with the use of methods developed by Peck [8] Such an approach may be used only if it is possible to revise the design solutions on the basis of the observed behavior of the structure. The techniques for objective estimation of reliability of a structure have long been available, and the benefits of their application are known, they are very rarely put into practice [12], [13] This results especially from the mode of data preparation which differs from the traditional one (description of the main random variables chance) and scarce verification options, which puts off the designers who are successful in using traditional methods. Inclinometric measurements of the wall displacement – and of the soil behind the wall – were the basis for the calibration of the model
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