Dispersion analysis of numerical schemes using 2D compressible linearized Navier–Stokes equation for direct numerical simulation

Abstract

The dispersion analysis of numerical schemes for finite difference computations based on 2D compressible linearized Navier–Stokes equation (LNSE) is presented here. The analysis presents a more holistic view of the applicability of the schemes while solving compressible NSE, rather than analyzing model 1D or 2D convection or convection–diffusion equations. A theoretical dispersion analysis of model 2D−LNSE is performed first which categorizes it into vortical, entropic and two acoustic modes. The variation of the theoretical dispersion relation for each of the modes with wavenumber, Mach number and Reynolds number is analyzed. It is noted that the entropic mode is the most diffusive among all the modes. Two acoustic modes are less diffusive than the vortical mode up to a certain absolute wavenumber Kb depending upon the Mach number and Reynolds number. It is also shown that while vortical and entropic modes are non-dispersive in nature, the two acoustic modes are dispersive only up to K=Kb. Next, numerical dispersion and diffusion corresponding to each of the modes are analyzed for second order central difference (CD2) and sixth order central compact difference scheme proposed in Lele (J. Comput. Phys., Vol-103(1), 1992) for discretization of convective and diffusive derivatives using fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK4) time integration method. Results show the existence of numerical unstable zone and regions where spurious upstream propagating waves are noted for each of the modes in the spectral plane. From these and the relative size of the dispersion relation preserving zones for the modes, applicability of the numerical schemes can be assessed. Analysis of the variation of the numerical unstable zone with Mach number, orientation of the mean flow and the unit CFL number Nc=Δt/Δx for each of the modes are presented. It is noted that entropic mode displays the lowest critical CFL number of all the four modes. Lastly, linearized and nonlinear numerical simulations for the convection of acoustic and vortical pulse with varying spectral content are presented. The linearized simulations are also compared with corresponding exact solutions. Obtained results indicate a direct correspondence of the stability analysis performed based on 2D−LNSE even for nonlinear simulations which result in additional intra modal energy transfer and interactions.