Dispersal and Transmission of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 4 among Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry.

Renfu Yin,Jianjun Chen,Yanping Xiong,Xinxin Liu,Jing Qian,Zhuang Ding,Junjiao Li,Mingxin Li,Jun Zhang,Yingying Yang,Yong Li,Tobias Stoeger,Lili Ai,Xueli Wang,Yanyu Chen,Jing Chen,Cong Xue,Pingze Zhang,Zhi‐Yong Tao ,Yang Bi

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00212

Abstract

Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) is found sporadically in wild birds worldwide, and it is an economically important poultry pathogen. Despite the existence of several published strains, very little is known about the distribution, host species, and transmission of APMV-4 strains. To better understand the relationships among these factors, we conducted an APMV-4 surveillance of wild birds and domestic poultry in six provinces of China suspected of being intercontinental flyways and sites of interspecies transmission. APMV-4 surveillance was conducted in 9,160 wild birds representing seven species, and 1,461 domestic poultry in live bird markets (LMBs) from December 2013 to June 2016. The rate of APMV-4 isolation was 0.10% (11/10,621), and viruses were isolated from swan geese, bean geese, cormorants, mallards, and chickens. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 11 isolated viruses indicated that all the isolates belonging to genotype I were epidemiologically connected with wild bird-origin viruses from the Ukraine and Italy. Moreover, chicken-origin APMV-4 strains isolated from the LBMs were highly similar to wild bird-origin viruses from nearby lakes with free-living wild birds. In additional, a hemagglutination-negative APMV-4 virus was identified. These findings, together with recent APMV-4 studies, suggest potential virus interspecies transmission between wild birds and domestic poultry, and reveal possible epidemiological intercontinental connections between APMV-4 transmission by wild birds.

Highlights

Viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae have been isolated from avian, terrestrial, and aquatic animals worldwide
The main goal of this study was to increase our understanding of the ecology of Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) strains in wild and domestic birds
From 2013 to 2016, viruses from nine of the 11 avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs)-4 strains were isolated from four different species of wild birds: swan geese, bean geese, cormorants, and mallards

Summary

Introduction

Viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae have been isolated from avian, terrestrial, and aquatic animals worldwide. Many APMV-4 strains have been isolated from domestic poultry, such as ducks and geese (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978; Wang et al, 2013). Very little is known about the dispersal and transmission of APMV-4 strains among wild and domestic birds, they have been isolated worldwide (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978; Jeon et al, 2008; Nayak et al, 2008; Abolnik et al, 2012; Choi et al, 2013; Nayak et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2013; Muzyka et al, 2014; Karamendin et al, 2016a; Reeves et al, 2016; Figure 1)

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