Disparities in park availability, features, and characteristics by social determinants of health within a U.S.–Mexico border urban area

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine disparities in park availability, features, and characteristics by income and the percentage of foreign-born population within a predominately-Hispanic border community. MethodsThis study occurred in 2010–2011 in El Paso, Texas. All census tracts (n=112) were categorized as low, medium, or high income and percent foreign-born. The number of parks intersecting each tract was determined using ArcGIS and park features (facilities, amenities) and characteristics (aesthetic features, park and neighborhood quality/safety concerns) were assessed via park audits (n=144). Analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis tests examined differences across income and percent foreign-born tertiles for all park measures. ResultsThe medium income tertile had more parks than the high tertile, and more park facilities than the low or high tertiles, but no differences in park amenities were observed across income groups. As well, none of park availability, facilities, or amenities differed across percent foreign-born tertiles. Finally, parks in the high income tertile had significant fewer park and neighborhood quality/safety concerns and parks in the high percent foreign-born tertile had significantly greater park and neighborhood quality/safety concerns. ConclusionIdentifying disparities in park availability, features, and characteristics can aid policymakers and citizens in improving the contribution of parks to community health for all.