Disparities in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Charles Muller,Sonia S Kupfer,Ehizokha Ihionkhan,Elena M Stoffel

doi:10.3390/cells10051018

Charles Muller, Sonia S Kupfer + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10051018

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Journal: Cells	Publication Date: Apr 26, 2021
Citations: 36	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Chicago, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

Abstract

The incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing in the United States (US) and worldwide. In the US, there are notable disparities in early-onset CRC burden by race/ethnicity and geography. African Americans, Hispanic/Latinos, and populations residing in specific regions of the Southern U.S. are disproportionately affected with CRC diagnosed at younger ages, while less is known about disparities in other countries. Reasons for these disparities are likely multi-factorial and potentially implicate differences in health determinants including biology/genetics, diet/environment, individual health behaviors, and access to high-quality health services, as well as social and policy factors. This review summarizes current understanding of early-onset CRC disparities and identifies specific research areas that will inform evidence-based interventions at individual, practice, and policy levels to reduce the global burden of this disease.

Highlights

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have declined in the UnitedStates (US) since the late 1970s [1]
While the overall burden of CRC has declined and survival gains have been made for older adults, there is a simultaneous and alarming increase in CRCs diagnosed in individuals younger than 50 years of age [4], which account for roughly 10% of new CRC cases in the United States (US) [2]
A Korean studyhigher found diabetes to be a risk childhood obesity and extreme obesity among African-Americans and Hispanic/Latinos over the past several decades compared to Whites, in whom rising childhood obesity has been a more recent trend [56,61], could provide an explanation for existing disparities in early-onset CRC and the observed narrowing of incidence between African-Americans factor for early-onset but not older-onset CRC [57]

Summary

Introduction

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have declined in the United. States (US) since the late 1970s [1]. The alarming rise in early-onset CRC is not limited to the US, as CRC diagnoses among individuals age

Early-Onset CRC Epidemiology and Disparities

Genetic Risk Factors and Disparities

Tumor Characteristics and Disparities

CRC Outcomes and Disparities

Findings

Conclusions