Disorders of the metabolic status and morphofunctional state of liver and kidneys of chicken

Abstract

In this study we analyzed biochemical parameters of blood, tibia, histological analysis of liver and kidney tissues of 46‐days old pullets of egg‐laying chickens. The research aim is study of biochemical and morphological changes in replacement pullets to predict risks of growth weak replacement pullets. The research shows that in the serum total proteins were higher then normal range on 28, 8%, albumins on 32,0%. High level of this parameters leads to produce too much uric acid and accumulate it in the body and its higher on 21,3%. Energy change in serum is shown with satisfying range of glucose and reduced rate of total lipids. Sufficient calcium in serum 13,1% with lack of phosphorus. Ca/P ratio exceeds 1.2 times optimal value. Low alkaline phosphatase activity is typical for inadequate bone matrix formation. AST is higher on 25,1% AST and ALT parameters are both high on 25,1% and 15,4% respectively and it means liver function abnormal. There is very low vitamin B2 (42,4% from normal value) wwith sufficiently high carotene supply with vitamins A, E, C in the liver. Liver micronutrients: Zinc – 2,9 times more; Manganese – 3,1 times more with less concentration of Cobalt on 2,6 times and Selenium – 8,3 times. There are calcium 1,6 times less and phosphorus – 1,4 in tibia. Thus in the liver of chickens has focal or diffuse inflammation with blood flow disturbances and of necrosis were recorded. Macroscopic examination found that kidney are oversized, have flabby consistency with light brown color and surface look like almond nut. Microscopic examination found that Bowman's capsule of the cortex kidney is thickened, the space between the capsule and glomeruli is swollen, and the borders of the tubule epithelial cells are poorly distinguishable. The cells are swollen, enlarged and cone‐shaped into the gap make it narrow. The degree of swelling of the epithelial cells, and, consequently, the narrowing of the lumens were uneven. In some tubules, the gaps are still quite distinguishable, in others they look like gaps. There are tubules in which the gaps are almost invisible. Nuclei are not clearly expressed in all cells. The established violations in the interstitial metabolism and structural changes in the parenchymal organs (liver, kidneys) during the restoration of youth is a predisposing load that ensures the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences and loss of productive metabolism during egg production.Micromorphology of the chickens' liver. Impaired blood circulation. Hematoxylin and eosin.X 640Figure 1The architectonics of the glomerular zone of the kidney in chickens 46 days old. Hematoxylin and eosin.X 640Figure 2