Disorders of cardiovascular system in influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections

Abstract

The results of numerous studies indicate the high importance of infectious agents in the formation of pathology of the cardiovascular system. Timely and correct management of patients with these disorders is important to prevent adverse outcomes. Purpose of research . To evaluate the clinical significance of detected cardiovascular disorders in influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) of various etiologies. Materials and methods . The study included 60 male and female patients aged 18 to 65 years who sought emergency care for shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, heart failure, and hypertension. The main group included 30 patients with confirmed ARVI (influenza, RS-infection, parainfluenza, adenovirus infection) at the time of examination. The comparison group consisted of 30 patients without ARVI, including the last three months. Assessed the medical history, the value of oxygen saturation, blood pressure, electrocardiogram data. Criteria not included: the duration of ARVI more than 7 days at the time of examination, the presence of severe chronic diseases: rheumatological and oncological pathology, HIV infection, as well as injuries that explain the analyzed complaints. Results . Against the background of influenza and ARVI, complaints of shortness of breath and a feeling of insufficiency of the inhaled volume were noted in 80 % of patients, obsessive painful cough was noted in 73 %. Less often (43 %) there was pain, discomfort or tightness in the chest. The average oxygen saturation index in patients with ARVI and influenza was significantly lower: 95.400 ± 0.935 %, and in the comparison group – 97.400 ± 0.935 %, p < 0.0001. ST-segment depression (53 %) and decreased R-wave voltage (27 %) were significantly more common in patients with acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Conclusions . Patients with ARVI and influenza often present complaints that require differential diagnosis between the natural manifestations of the infectious and inflammatory process and developing complications associated with lesions of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Complaints of shortness of breath and chest discomfort are often accompanied by a decrease in oxygen saturation and significant changes in the ECG, which requires mandatory examinations to determine the risk of adverse course due to hypoxic and ischemic changes and determine the patient’s further management tactics in patients with ARVI and influenza.