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Abstract
Due to rapid urbanization, the number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has increased, and so has the associated waste generated by them. Sustainable management of this waste can lead to the creation of energy-rich biogas via fermentation processes. This review presents recent advances in the anaerobic digestion processes that have led to greater biogas production. Disintegration techniques for enhancing the fermentation of waste activated sludge can be apportioned into biological, physical and chemical means, which are included in this review; they were mainly compared and contrasted in terms of the ensuing biogas yield. It was found that ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted disintegration provides the highest biogas yield (>500%) although they tend to be the most energy demanding processes (>10,000 kJ kg−1 total solids).
Highlights
The continuous increase in the use of fossil fuel in modern society and the harmful effects of greenhouse gases on the environment has prompted the search for alternative energy sources which are becoming increasingly important and even mandatory in the future
Mesophilic digestion trials have reported a significant increase in the biogas production of approximately 36.1% and 62.16% for 10% and 30% of the volume of foam added to the digestion chamber, respectively
We have evaluated various disintegration protocols pertaining to the waste activated sludge for the enhanced production of eco-fuel–biogas
Summary
The continuous increase in the use of fossil fuel in modern society and the harmful effects of greenhouse gases on the environment has prompted the search for alternative energy sources which are becoming increasingly important and even mandatory in the future. For the adaptation of land to specific needs resulting from waste management plans, spatial development plans or decisions on building and land development conditions, For the production of compost, For the cultivation of flora not intended for consumption [2] Unless it contains excessive amounts of heavy metals, stabilized sludge can improve the agrotechnical state of fertilized soils, because it contains a high concentration of micro- and macronutrients [4]. WAS treatment as and nitrogen in different proportions trace concentrations alsoforhydrogen sulphide, hydrogen, it is considered to be sustainable It main purpose is the stabilization of WAS, it ammonia, oxygen,does and carbon monoxide [10], siloxanes and aromatic and halogenated compounds decrease the water content of the sludge and associated toxicity. This paper focuses only on the recent advances in WAS pre-treatment methods, which positively impacts subsequent biogas production
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