Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) form after the reaction of natural and anthropogenic organic matter and other inorganic substances present in water with the disinfectants used to inactivate pathogens. This chapter provides insights into the most common DBP classes regarding their chemical properties, environmental occurrence, and the most suitable methodologies for their reliable determination in water. It includes the halogenated DBP classes trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetaldehydes, halobenzoquinones, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and the non-halogenated DBP class nitrosamines. Liquid-liquid extraction is the most widely used extraction method due to its simplicity, low cost, and effectiveness in simultaneously extracting various DBP classes. Linearity is obtained in most analytical approaches with the internal standard calibration method. Known DBPs represent only a small fraction of the halogenated material formed during the disinfection process. The development of target multi-class methods is encouraged to obtain valuable information at once for many DBPs, minimizing economical and lab-effort resources.
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