Abstract
High content of organic matter in paddy fields contributes substantial organic loading to ambient waterways via runoff, which is the potential precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in downstream water treatment plants. Moreover, submerged conditions of paddy fields pose a high DBP precursor export risk. The major objectives of this study were to characterize and quantify DBP precursors in paddy field floodwater under swine manure application, and to explore the origins and interception strategy of DBP precursors. In spite of high amounts of DBP precursors in paddy fields, the aromaticity and formation reactivity of DBP precursors are relatively low. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and self-organizing map (SOM) showed protein-like substances contributed the major part of bulk DBP precursors, while humic-like substances have a stronger tendency to yield DBPs than protein-like substances. The highest DBP precursor amounts occurred on the second day after swine manure application, and DBP precursor export potential fell by up to 56.2% within 7 days. Therefore, making one or more weeks’ interval between the highest DBP precursor occurrence and a forecasted rainfall event could be an advisable strategy for interception of DBP precursors.
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