Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of blood contamination on the shear bond strength and failure site of three different orthodontic self-ligating brackets. Study Design: 240 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 12 groups of 20 specimens each. Orthodontic self-ligating brackets were tested under four different enamel surface conditions: a) dry, b) blood contamination before priming, c) blood contamination after priming, d) blood contamination before and after priming. Brackets were bonded to the teeth and subsequently tested using a Instron universal testing machine. Shear bond strength values and adhesive failure rate were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (strength values), and Chi squared test (ARI Scores). Results: Non-contaminated enamel surfaces showed highest bond strengths for all self ligating brackets. Under blood-contamination shear bond strengths lowered for all brackets tested. Groups contaminated before and after primer application showed the lowest shear bond strength. Significant differences in debond locations were found among the groups under the various enamel surface conditions. Conclusions: Blood contamination of enamel during the bonding procedure lowers bond strength values of self ligating brackets, expecially when contamination occur in different times of the bonding procedure. Key words:Disinclusion, self ligating brackets, blood, contamination, enamel, orthodontics, oral surgery.
Highlights
Self-ligating brackets have been introducted for their advantages in orthodontic treatment: they are able to reduce unwanted friction [1], eliminate the requirement for elastomeric ligatures [2], insure more certain archwire engagement [3] and offer faster archwire removal and ligation [4]
In the present investigation self ligating brackets bonded onto dry enamel had significantly higher shear bond strength values than other groups
In the present investigation no significant differences were found among groups bonded after blood contamination before priming and among groups bonded after blood contamination after priming
Summary
Self-ligating brackets have been introducted for their advantages in orthodontic treatment: they are able to reduce unwanted friction [1], eliminate the requirement for elastomeric ligatures [2], insure more certain archwire engagement [3] and offer faster archwire removal and ligation [4]. When orthodontists and surgeons collaborate in the exposure and orthodontic alignment of unerupted teeth, it could be useful to bond self-ligating bracket onto ectopic teeth in order to reduce friction and speed orthodontic movement. In these cases it is difficult to maintain ideal working conditions and blood contamination during bonding can occur [5]. The aim of the present investigation was to measure and compare shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index score of three different self-ligating orthodontic brackets onto dry and blood-contaminated enamel. The null hypothesis of the study was that there is no significant difference in shear bond strength values and debond locations among the various groups
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