Abstract
Lithium disilicate dental ceramic bonding, realized by using different resins, is strictly dependent on micro-mechanical retention and chemical adhesion. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the capability of a 1070 nm fiber laser for their surface treatment. Samples were irradiated by a pulsed fiber laser at 1070 nm with different parameters (peak power of 5, 7.5 and 10 kW, repetition rate (RR) 20 kHz, speed of 10 and 50 mm/s, and total energy density from 1.3 to 27 kW/cm2) and the thermal elevation during the experiment was recorded by a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor. Subsequently, the surface modifications were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). With a peak power of 5 kW, RR of 20 kHz, and speed of 50 mm/s, the microscopic observation of the irradiated surface showed increased roughness with small areas of melting and carbonization. EDS analysis revealed that, with these parameters, there are no evident differences between laser-processed samples and controls. Thermal elevation during laser irradiation ranged between 5 °C and 9 °C. A 1070 nm fiber laser can be considered as a good device to increase the adhesion of lithium disilicate ceramics when optimum parameters are considered.
Highlights
The demand for ceramic prosthetic restorations has become increasingly common in daily dentistry
The inside surface of the ceramic prosthetics must be conditioned for optimized micro-mechanical retention by the resin penetration into the ceramic micro-roughness; this treatment enhances the mechanical retention of cement by enlarging the surface in contact with the tooth structure through the creation of micro-porosities [7,8]
The circular faces of twelve cylinders of lithium disilicate ceramics (e.max Press, Ivoclar, Bolzano, The circular faces of twelve cylinders of lithium disilicate ceramics (e.max Press, Ivoclar, Italy) with a 10 mm diameter and an 8 mm length were processed into three 3 × 3 mm square zones by Bolzano, Italy) with a 10 mm diameter and an 8 mm length were processed into three 3 × 3 mm square using a 1070 nm pulsed fiber laser (AREX 20, Datalogic, Bologna, Italy)
Summary
The demand for ceramic prosthetic restorations has become increasingly common in daily dentistry. Failure resulting from porcelain fracture has been reported as ranging from 2.3 to 8% [1]. It seems to be a function of a multi-factorial reason [2,3,4], with the key cause attributed to the composite resin adhesion with porcelain. It is necessary to condition the ceramic surface, which is considered very interesting [5,6]. The inside surface of the ceramic prosthetics must be conditioned for optimized micro-mechanical retention by the resin penetration into the ceramic micro-roughness; this treatment enhances the mechanical retention of cement by enlarging the surface in contact with the tooth structure through the creation of micro-porosities [7,8]. For producing surface roughness and for promoting micro-mechanical retention, different treatment methods, such as diamond roughening, air-particle
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