Disentangling and ranking the influences of multiple environmental factors on plant and soil-dwelling arthropod assemblages in a river Rhine floodplain area

Abstract

Floodplains of large rivers are among the most dynamic and diverse, yet most threatened ecosystems on earth. For a solid underpinning of river conservation and rehabilitation measures, it is critical to unravel the influences of the multiple stressors affecting floodplain ecosystems. Using canonical correspondence analysis with variance partitioning, we disentangled and ranked the influences of three floodplain ecosystem stressors (land use, flooding and soil contamination) on terrestrial plant and soil-dwelling arthropod assemblages in a floodplain area along the river Rhine in The Netherlands. We included five biotic assemblages: plant species (73 taxa), ground beetle species (57 taxa), ground beetle genera (29 taxa), beetle families (32 taxa) and arthropod groups at taxonomic levels from family to class (10 taxa). Plant and arthropod assemblages were primarily related to land use, which explained 19–30% of the variation in taxonomic composition. For plant species composition, flooding characteristics were nearly as important as land use. Soil metal contamination constituted a subordinate explanatory factor for the plant assemblages only (3% of variation explained). We conclude that the taxonomic composition of terrestrial plant and arthropod assemblages in our study area is related to land use and flooding rather than soil metal contamination.