Abstract
Knotek Z., T. Fichtel, P. Kohout, J. Benak:Diseases of the Nasal Cavity in the Dog. Aetiology, Symptomatology, Diagnostics. Acta Vet. Brno 2001, 70: 73-82. A system of intravital differential diagnostics of diseases of the nasal cavity was verified in 40 dogs. Patients were induced to analgosedation by a combination of medetomidine and butorphanol for the purpose of taking radiographs of the nasal cavity. In order to obtain samples for cytology and histological examination, patients were induced by propofol and then kept under inhalation anaesthesia using halothane or isoflurane. A rigid endoscope (Hopkins, diameter 2.7 mm, 18 cm) was used to examine the nasal cavity thoroughly. Tissue specimens from areas of damaged mucosa and inner structures of the nasal cavity were under endoscopic guidance sampled using bioptic forceps. One part of samples was used to make impression smears for cytological evaluation; the other part for histological processing. In patients suffering from chronic infectious rhinitis and neoplasia we found in both groups marked and advanced changes in the internal architecture of the nasal cavity (aggressive lesions). In several cases of mycotic rhinitis caused by fungi of the Aspergillus genus we observed typical pale plaques. Foreign bodies, mainly such as awns and parts of grass spikes, were mechanically removed using endoscopic forceps. Granulomas had a tendency to profuse bleeding. There were no serious cases of severe bleeding during examination. Results of bacteriological cultivation were compared to those obtained by cytology and histology. In 40 of these combined examinations there were in 16 cases (40%) confirmed bacterial rhinitis cases without the presence of fungi and changes typical of neoplastic processes. Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus canis and Pasteurella canis were cultured most frequently. Other bacterial agents were diagnosed only exceptionally. Mycotic infections were found in 7 cases of chronic rhinitis (i.e., 17.5%). The genus Aspergillus amounted to more than 85% of mycotic agent detection. Fungi occurred as a complication to a foreign body in the nasal cavity in two cases. There were no cases of allergic rhinitis in the group of patients studied. Malignant neoplasia were prevailing (77.8%). Osteosarcoma, lymphosarcoma and adenocarcinoma were frequent neoplasia found in the nasal cavity of the dog.
Highlights
A system of intravital differential diagnostics of diseases of the nasal cavity was verified in 40 dogs
Comparing radiographs of patients affected either by chronic infectious rhinitis or neoplasia, we found in both groups relatively often marked and advanced changes in the structure if the internal architecture of the nasal cavity
Most chronic disease of the nasal cavity are classified as an inflammation or neoplasia
Summary
A system of intravital differential diagnostics of diseases of the nasal cavity was verified in 40 dogs. (present even on the mucosa of respiratory tract of animals without clinical disease; C aniatti et al 1998a; Forbes Lent and Hawkins 1992) are mentioned most frequently from the possible bacterial agents causing rhinitis in the dog and cat. Polyps in the nasal cavity in cats are termed as fibrous dysplasia, ossified fibroma, inflammatory polyps, and bony aneurysmal cysts They are most probably a sequel to chronic inflammatory processes in upper respiratory tract of infectious aetiology. Opticus inflammation, granulomatous chorioretinitis, retinal detachment, uveitis anterior It was the aim of our project to work out a system of intravital differential diagnostics of upper respiratory tract diseases, in particular of the nasal cavity in the dog
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