Abstract
Clinical ketosis is the ultimate expression of the difference between milk production and the capacity of body tissue reserves and feed intake to provide the metabolic fuels for that production. Clinical ketosis refers to the condition in which cattle typically have lower milk production, marked weight loss and poor appetite. Cows with no other detectable or antecedent disorder are defined as having primary clinical ketosis, whereas cows with an antecedent or concurrent disorder are defined as having secondary ketosis. Cows with subclinical ketosis have similar biochemical changes to clinical cases, but maintain their appetite. Approximately 90% of all clinical and subclinical cases of ketosis occur within approximately 60 days postcalving. Clinical ketosis provides substantial insights into intermediary metabolism in the cow and is associated with many of the important disease conditions of dairy cattle. This article examines the epidemiology, biochemistry, prevention and treatment of ketosis.
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