Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the diseases and symptoms associated with changes in postural balance in middle-aged and elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: an integrative review was performed using the following descriptors: "Dizziness," "Vertigo," "Vestibular Diseases," "Labyrinth Diseases," and "Type 2, Diabetes Mellitus" in English and in Portuguese in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. Observational articles involving individuals aged 40 years or more with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with alteration in postural balance having presented at least one disease or symptom associated with that alteration were selected. Results: the search yielded 1,209 articles, but only five met the eligibility criteria. Individuals in the selected studies had systemic arterial hypertension, high body mass index, peripheral neuropathy, and postural instability when walking on irregular surfaces and in the dark, when looking at moving objects, moving the head quickly and changing posture, resulting in stumbling when walking, and falls. The articles were classified as IIb and III, according to the levels of evidence of the American Speech-Language Hearing Association. Conclusion: the subjects in the studied articles presented cardiovascular alterations, peripheral neuropathy, vestibular symptoms, difficulties in tasks/movements in challenging contexts, and falls.
Highlights
Brazil has the fourth highest number of diabetic people in the world[1,2]
Individuals in the selected studies had systemic arterial hypertension, high body mass index, peripheral neuropathy, and postural instability when walking on irregular surfaces and in the dark, when looking at moving objects, moving the head quickly and changing posture, resulting in stumbling when walking, and falls
The present review aims to verify the diseases and symptoms associated with postural balance (PB) changes in middle-aged and elderly individuals presented with DM2
Summary
Brazil has the fourth highest number of diabetic people in the world[1,2]. In 2015, there were around 14.3 million cases among adults and the elderly, and 23.3 million cases are projected by 20501-3. Several factors are considered responsible for the increased incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil and worldwide[3,4]. The recognition of the factors (diseases and/ or symptoms) associated with changes in PB in the diabetic population is extremely important, as this will represent an important contribution from the perspective of an adequate evaluation and rehabilitation process. It will enable the construction of preventive strategies and guide the appropriate management (referrals, therapeutic planning, and choice of treatment) of patients, as some comorbidities may cause and/or intensify PB changes. The present review aims to verify the diseases and symptoms associated with PB changes in middle-aged and elderly individuals presented with DM2
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