Disease Resistant Fish and Shellfish Are within Reach: A Review

Trygve Gjedrem

doi:10.3390/jmse3010146

Abstract

Disease in fish and shellfish is one of the main problems facing aquaculture production. Therefore, all attempts should be made to increase the rate of survival and, thus, reduce economic losses. Much has been done to develop vaccines and medical treatments to reduce mortality; and however, farming of aquatic species has a long way to go to optimize the environmental conditions for the animals and, thus, reduce stress and improve animal welfare. However, the good news is that there is the potential to increase disease resistance by selective breeding. By challenge-testing fingerlings from a number of families per generation, and including the rate of survival in the breeding goal, the results so far are very promising. By focusing on one disease at a time it is possible to increase the rate of survival by at least 12.5% per generation for most diseases studied. Unfortunately, selective breeding is only used to a small degree in aquatic species. In 2010, it was estimated that only 8.2% of aquaculture production was based on genetically improved stocks.

Highlights

Aquaculture is the fastest growing primary industry for production of animal protein, with a growth rate of 6%–7% per year [1]
It has been shown that feed conversion rate (FER) has improved by 23% during five generations of selection in Atlantic salmon [4]
Selection response was obtained for reduced mortality due to furunculosis in brook trout and brown trout [15]

Summary

Introduction

Aquaculture is the fastest growing primary industry for production of animal protein, with a growth rate of 6%–7% per year [1]. By 2017/2018, aquaculture production is expected to exceed fisheries in terms of volume, and if the present rate of increase continues, in a few more years it will surpass production of poultry and pigs [1], and, become the highest source of animal protein. Studies have shown that Atlantic salmon has 2.3 and 1.6 times higher rates of energy retention than poultry and pigs, respectively [2,3]. It has been shown that feed conversion rate (FER) has improved by 23% during five generations of selection in Atlantic salmon [4].

Objectives

Results

Conclusion