Abstract
Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are master regulators of cellular functions, with the class IB PI3K catalytic subunit (p110γ) playing key roles in immune signalling. p110γ is a key factor in inflammatory diseases and has been identified as a therapeutic target for cancers due to its immunomodulatory role. Using a combined biochemical/biophysical approach, we have revealed insight into regulation of kinase activity, specifically defining how immunodeficiency and oncogenic mutations of R1021 in the C-terminus can inactivate or activate enzyme activity. Screening of inhibitors using HDX-MS revealed that activation loop-binding inhibitors induce allosteric conformational changes that mimic those in the R1021C mutant. Structural analysis of advanced PI3K inhibitors in clinical development revealed novel binding pockets that can be exploited for further therapeutic development. Overall, this work provides unique insights into regulatory mechanisms that control PI3Kγ kinase activity and shows a framework for the design of PI3K isoform and mutant selective inhibitors.
Highlights
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes are central regulators of growth, proliferation, migration, and metabolism in a plethora of cells and tissues [1,2].Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that generate the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), which is utilised downstream of cell surface receptors to 42 regulate growth, metabolism, survival, and differentiation [1]
Located near the C-terminus of the p110 kinase domain (R1021P) in immunocompromised patients led us to investigate the molecular mechanism of this mutation
Understanding the molecular determinants of how mutations in PI3Ks lead to altered signalling in disease is vital in the design of targeted therapeutic strategies
Summary
Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are master regulators of cellular functions, with the class IB PI3K catalytic subunit (p110 ) playing key roles in immune signalling. p110 is a key factor in inflammatory diseases, and has been identified as a therapeutic target for cancers due to its immunomodulatory role. Class I Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are master regulators of cellular functions, with the class IB PI3K catalytic subunit (p110 ) playing key roles in immune signalling. P110 is a key factor in inflammatory diseases, and has been identified as a therapeutic target for cancers due to its immunomodulatory role. Screening of inhibitors using HDX-MS revealed that activation loop-binding inhibitors induce allosteric conformational changes that mimic those in the R1021C mutant. Structural analysis of advanced PI3K inhibitors in clinical development revealed novel binding pockets that can be exploited for further therapeutic development. Overall this work provides unique insights into regulatory mechanisms that control PI3K kinase activity, and shows a framework for the design of PI3K isoform and mutant selective inhibitors
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