Abstract
Despite the efficacy of synthetic fungicides in controlling postharvest diseases, public concerns regarding chemical residues in food and an increase in drug-resistant strains of pathogens have led to a need for new agents to control postharvest diseases. The current study was performed to find control agents of microbial origin that are effective on gray mold of tomato fruits. We recently isolated Streptomyces rectiviolaceus DY46, which has antagonistic activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. The incidence of gray mold of tomato fruits was markedly reduced by 80.0% in tomatoes treated with the cell extract of Streptomyces rectiviolaceus DY46 compared with the control tomatoes. The active ingredient was purified from the cell extract of DY46 and identified to be 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR). DDHR displayed MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) against the mycelial growth of various plant pathogenic fungi at concentrations of 8–64 mg L−1. The incidence of gray mold in tomato fruits inoculated with conidial suspension (104 conidia mL−1) of Botrytis cinerea was markedly reduced by 88.9% in tomatoes treated with DDHR (100 mg L−1) compared with the control. The DDHR residue in tomato fruit was significantly diminished 2 d after treatment. These results show that DDHR would be relatively safe for use as a postharvest fungicide.
Highlights
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which is rich in powerful antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and flavonoids, is one of the most economically important vegetable crops cultivated worldwide[1,2,3]
It has been reported that the excellent antifungal activity against yeast and various filamentous fungal species of most polyenes discovered so far is due to the disruption of the fungal cell membrane[22,23,24,25,26,27]
It was reported that bilayer coatings of chitosan and polyethylene wax microemulsion containing natamycin improved the storability of Hami melon at ambient temperature[31]
Summary
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), which is rich in powerful antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and flavonoids, is one of the most economically important vegetable crops cultivated worldwide[1,2,3]. Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a devastating disease of tomato fruit during the pre- and postharvest periods, which results in quality deterioration and a severe decrease in marketable yield[4]. Synthetic fungicides are a common and effective means to prevent the deterioration in quality and decline in marketable yield caused by postharvest diseases and to extend the shelf-life of fruit and vegetables[6,8]. In addition to public concerns regarding food safety, there is an occurrence of fungicide-resistant strains; new agents for controlling postharvest diseases are required[11,12]. The strain exhibited the ability to suppress gray mold of tomato fruit. We evaluated the antifungal activity of DDHR against various plant pathogenic fungi and its ability to control gray mold of tomato fruits
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