Abstract
Pinus sylvestris constitutes 75% of the 250 million forest seedlings produced annually in Finland. The main disease problems are: (1) dampingâoff by fungi such as Fusarium and Alternaria already infecting the ripening seeds in the cone; (2) Botrytis cinerea in densely sown beds; (3) Lophodermium seditiosum occasionally causing needle cast, controlled with dithiocarbamates; (4) Gremmeniella abietina, controllable with chlorothalonil alone or in mixtures; (5) Phacidium infestans, which is a serious pathogen in central and northern Finland, controlled with quintozene or in trials with chlorothalonil or thiophanateâmethyl. Nutrient imbalances cause seedling growth disturbances and insects like Lygus rugulipennis damage growing points.
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