Abstract
Earthquake codes are legal documents that set the minimum conditions for the construction of seismically safe buildings, and each country has different restrictions under different subheadings, depending on the seismic history of the region and the economic situation of the country. The biggest contribution to architectural design in earthquake codes is under the heading of "structural irregularity". If the design of a structure is regular, the behaviour of the structure under the earthquake effect becomes more rational, the resistance against the dynamic loads of the structure is increased, resulting in a better economic performance compared to the irregular buildings. To examine the visual expression techniques necessary for architects to be able to understand earthquake codes, eight different seismic codes for countries on active fault lines with different seismic histories were discussed, and it was revealed that limit values for irregularity definitions differed among them. The design decisions that will cause irregularities in the plan are considered comprehensively, and the precautions that can be taken against these irregularities are explained to architects in order to create awareness. In addition, because of the improved comprehension of visual forms in human perception, the subject is illuminated with simple but descriptive drawings. In conclusion, this study can be considered as a source for understanding regulations for seismic design, revealing information about architecture in the face of the ever-changing reality of an earthquake, and the possession of the tools that architects can use effectively in this regard.
Highlights
Numerous earthquakes have occurred in countries that are on the most active fault lines in the world
2 Method Since earthquake codes address a wide area, the study is restricted to explanations under the title of "structural irregularity", which is closely related to architectural design
Codes of the countries of different seismic experiences; India (BIS, 2002), Mexico (FDGM, 1995), New Zealand (NZSEE, 2014), Iran (BHRC, 2007), China (MOHURD, 2010) and Turkey (AFAD, 2018), and earthquake codes of the European Union countries located on active fault lines (Eurocode-8 (CEN, 2004)) and ASCE/ SEI 7-10 (ASCE, 2016) have been examined in detail
Summary
Numerous earthquakes have occurred in countries that are on the most active fault lines in the world. In these regions, earthquakes have caused the loss of many lives and property, even though they have become common events (Allen, 2007). As a result of the experiences obtained, the design of the earthquake-resistant structure becomes a necessity to minimise the damage that occurs in these structures. The earthquake-resistant structure design comprises events that are generally uncertain. Examinations made after major earthquakes over the last 20 years have shown that this is not correct, and when building damage is examined, many structures have become unusable due to decisions made during the architectural design process (İnan and Korkmaz, 2011; Özmen, 2008; Öztürk, 2011)
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